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Retinal Physician

May 1, 2026

Clinical Trial Update May/June 2026

May 1, 2026
40 min

A comprehensive overview of active clinical trials focused on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO)

...more

Multiple clinical trials focus on AMD, DME, RVO, and uveitis.
New treatments include ABF-101, BS01, and gene therapies.
Probiotic supplements are being studied for DME.
SGLT2 inhibitors show promise in geographic atrophy.
Trials assess safety, tolerability, and efficacy of novel treatments.
Diverse patient populations are participating.
The role of clinical research in advancing ophthalmic care is emphasized.

Gut

May 1, 2026

Fibroblast pentose phosphate pathway activation upon decreased circPLCE1 exacerbates intestinal fibrosis in Crohn’s disease

Longyuan Zhou
Jing Nie
Zhiyin Feng
Rongchang Li
Pingxin Zhang
Sinan Lin
Yao Zhang
Florian Rieder
Changhao Chen
Minhu Chen
Ren Mao
May 1, 2026

Objective: To investigate the role of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and circPLCE1 in fibroblast metabolism and intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease, hig

...more

Activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in fibroblasts is a key feature of intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease.
Xylulokinase (XYLB) generates xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu5P), which promotes collagen synthesis in fibrotic fibroblasts.
CircPLCE1 downregulation in fibroblasts leads to increased PPP activation and collagen production during intestinal fibrogenesis.
CircPLCE1 interacts with XYLB, inhibiting its activity and regulating the PPP and fibrogenesis in intestinal fibrosis.
The circPLCE1/XYLB/Xu5P axis presents a novel therapeutic target for treating intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease.

Gut

May 1, 2026

Cause of chronic diarrhoea

Tingting Cao
Honggang Wang
May 1, 2026

Objective: To diagnose the underlying cause of chronic diarrhea in a patient with significant weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms, emphasizing the urgency

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A 52-year-old man presented with chronic diarrhea and significant weight loss, leading to a BMI of 14.9 kg/m².
Laboratory tests indicated anemia, low serum protein, and elevated IgM and β2-microglobulin levels.
Histological examination revealed marked villous blunting and dilated lymphatic vessels in the terminal ileum.
The diagnosis was Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia with intestinal lymphangiectasia, confirmed by immunophenotyping and genetic testing.
Treatment with the RCD regimen resulted in improved symptoms and nutritional status, with significant regression of intestinal lesions.

Gut

May 1, 2026

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer spectrum associated with germline CTNNA1 loss of function revealed by clinical and molecular data from 351 carrier families and over 37 000 non-carrier controls

Objective: To analyze the clinical and molecular characteristics of CTNNA1 germline variants and their association with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC)

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CTNNA1 germline variants are linked to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), with truncating variants posing a moderate risk compared to CDH1 variants.
The study identifies the pathophysiological mechanism for CTNNA1-truncating variants, establishing them as key contributors to HDGC.
Clinical criteria for CTNNA1 genetic testing were proposed, enhancing the identification of individuals at risk for HDGC.
CTNNA1-truncating variants lead to increased likelihood of developing gastric cancer compared to wild-type individuals.
This research provides the largest dataset on CTNNA1-associated diseases, aiding in clinical management and variant classification.

Gut

May 1, 2026

FOXM1 inhibition reduces IL-13-induced epithelial remodelling and inflammation in eosinophilic oesophagitis

Masaru Sasaki
Joshua X Wang
Ryugo Teranishi
Takefumi Itami
Yusen Zhou
Kanak V Kennedy
Ann Semeao
Satoshi Ishikawa
Takeo Hara
Emily A McMillan
Mark Mahon
Hailey Golden
Diya Dhakal
Alyssa Baccarella
Heidi Winters
Chizoba N Umeweni
Benjamin J Wilkins
Tatiana A Karakasheva
Kelly A Whelan
Sydney M Shaffer
Melanie A Ruffner
Amanda B Muir
May 1, 2026

Objective: To investigate the role of FOXM1 in epithelial disruption in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and assess its potential as a therapeutic target, which m

...more

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is characterized by epithelial remodeling and barrier dysfunction due to T-helper type 2 inflammation.
FOXM1 is identified as a key transcriptional regulator that drives epithelial disruption in EoE.
Inhibition of FOXM1 restores epithelial differentiation, reduces proliferation, and improves barrier integrity in EoE.
Targeting FOXM1 presents a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance epithelial homeostasis and mitigate inflammation in EoE.
This dual approach addressing both epithelial and immune dysregulation may improve patient outcomes in EoE.

Gut

May 1, 2026

Toxic microbiome and progression of chronic kidney disease: insights from a longitudinal CKD-microbiome study

Cheuk Chun Szeto
Jack K C Ng
May 1, 2026

Objective: To clarify the relationships among gut microbiome composition, diet, and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), highlighting the significan

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Dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria and increased production of uraemic toxins.
Alterations in the gut microbiome of CKD patients are linked to the accumulation of uraemic toxins, which contribute to CKD progression.
Faecal microbiota transplantation in CKD mice showed increased serum uraemic toxins and slight kidney fibrosis, indicating microbiome's role in kidney damage.
Rapid kidney function decline in CKD is associated with gut microbiome-derived metabolites, independent of traditional risk factors.
Dietary interventions, like plant-based, low-protein diets, may mitigate the effects of dysbiosis and uraemic toxin accumulation in CKD.

The Pathologist

April 30, 2026

Implementation of a large liquid biopsy genomic profiling assay in a decentralized setting

April 30, 2026

Objective: To share specific experiences and data from the Mayo Clinic on implementing a large panel liquid biopsy assay for comprehensive genomic profiling, in

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Large panel liquid biopsy assays provide comprehensive genomic insights from blood draws, overcoming challenges in cost and technical implementation.
Recent advances in workflows and cost reductions are making liquid biopsy comprehensive genomic profiling more accessible to laboratories.
Plasma workflows offer shorter turnaround times compared to FFPE tissue, facilitating quicker genomic insights when tissue is limited.
The Mayo Clinic has successfully implemented a large panel liquid biopsy assay, demonstrating analytical accuracy and reproducibility.
The webinar will cover the performance of TSO 500 ctDNA v2 and its concordance with solid tumor CGP FFPE tissue assays.

The Analytical Scientist

April 23, 2026

New Frontiers in Non-Target Screening: Roundtable Symposium

April 23, 2026

Objective: To explore emerging frontiers in non-target screening across various fields and identify common challenges faced by researchers. Key Findings: Non-ta

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The roundtable symposium focuses on emerging frontiers in non-target screening across various fields.
Advances in high-resolution instrumentation and data analytics are reshaping non-target screening.
Researchers encounter challenges in extracting insights from complex data in non-target screening.
Building robust analytical pipelines is essential for effective non-target screening.
Translating discovery-driven workflows into practical tools is crucial for real-world applications.

The Ophthalmologist

April 22, 2026

Sudden Blindness Reveals Pituitary Apoplexy

April 22, 2026
3 min

Pituitary apoplexy, a rare endocrine emergency often triggered by hemorrhage in a pituitary adenoma, presents critical diagnostic challenges due to the severe v

...more

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare but critical emergency.
Sudden headaches and visual disturbances are key symptoms.
MRI and CT imaging are crucial for diagnosis.
Early treatment can significantly improve outcomes.
The mortality rate can be as high as 15.3% if untreated.
Timely neurosurgical intervention is essential.
Persistent visual deficits may occur despite surgery.

The Ophthalmologist

April 22, 2026

Ocular Surface Control: A Modern Approach to Peri-operative Dry Eye Management

April 22, 2026

Objective: To explore modern strategies for managing peri-operative dry eye and the role of Lacrifill® in ocular surface control. Key Findings: Core principles

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The webinar focuses on modern strategies for managing peri-operative dry eye.
It emphasizes the importance of understanding dry eye disease principles aligned with TFOS DEWS III.
Participants will learn practical strategies for identifying and managing peri-operative dry eye.
Effective dry eye management is crucial for improving surgical outcomes and patient experience.
Lacrifill® plays a key role in maintaining consistent ocular surface control during the peri-operative period.

Frontiers In Surgery

April 20, 2026

A translational mechanistic synthesis of ischemia–reperfusion injury in experimental flap models toward free flap salvage

Ovunc Akdemir
April 20, 2026

Objective: To identify reproducible mechanistic signatures linked to improved viability in ischemia-reperfusion injury and to build a practical translational fr

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Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery, driven by oxidative stress and inflammation.
Effective interventions in experimental models show consistent biological signatures that reduce lipid peroxidation and inflammation.
Surgical conditioning strategies, like venous flap pre-arterialization, can significantly enhance flap viability but are not directly applicable to acute scenarios.
A structured synthesis of experimental studies aims to identify reproducible mechanistic patterns for improving free flap preservation.
The findings support the development of rational adjunctive strategies for high-risk free flap protocols in clinical settings.

Frontiers In Psychiatry

April 20, 2026

Electrocardiographic findings in children and adolescents treated with antipsychotics: a cohort study

Fabio Pettinato
Alice Zanini
Adriana Prato
Federica Fiore
Nicoletta Maugeri
Rita Barone
Renata Rizzo
April 20, 2026

Objective: To analyze the frequency, persistence, and clinical relevance of ECG abnormalities, particularly QTc interval prolongation, in pediatric and adolesce

...more

Antipsychotic treatment in children and adolescents is associated with a range of potential adverse effects, including cardiovascular issues.
In a cohort of 430 pediatric patients, 45.5% exhibited at least one ECG abnormality, primarily heart rate irregularities.
QTc prolongation was observed in 5.6% of patients, with only 20.8% of these cases being persistent across multiple ECG recordings.
No patients experienced QTc ≥500 ms or significant cardiac events, indicating that most ECG abnormalities were mild and transient.
The findings suggest a selective approach to ECG monitoring in youth on antipsychotics, rather than routine universal screening.

Frontiers In Digital Health

April 20, 2026

Behavior change beyond intervention: an activity-theoretical perspective on human-centered design of personal health technology

Victor Kaptelinin
Kaan Kilic
Helena Lindgren
April 20, 2026

Objective: To develop a design-oriented framework for behavior change that integrates insights from activity theory, emphasizing the roles of healthcare profess

...more

Frontiers In Digital Health

April 20, 2026

Promotion and preservation of mobility and autonomy in old age through smart rollators—a qualitative study

Patrick Schwaiger
Julia Müller
Martin Obert
Stefan Twieg
Andreas Butkov
Ulrike Steinmann
Denny Paulicke
Patrick Jahn
April 20, 2026

Objective: To explore the needs, experiences, and perspectives of rollator users and healthcare professionals to identify user-centered requirements for the ite

...more

Frontiers In Endocrinology

April 20, 2026

Beyond resorption-driven coupling: a multi-layered framework for osteoclast–osteoblast communication and its therapeutic consequences

Hongtao Qiu
Shiming Liu
Yang Jiang
Yuwen Lai
Qing Lin
Aisi Huang
April 20, 2026

Objective: Emphasize the significance of reframing for therapeutic implications. Key Findings: Include context on implications for therapy. Interpretation: Elab

...more

Osteoclast-osteoblast communication is crucial for skeletal homeostasis and involves complex, multi-modal interactions beyond simple resorption-driven coupling.
Pre-osteoclasts are significant coupling effectors in bone remodeling, coordinating osteoblast recruitment and vascularization independently of bone resorption.
The developmental origins of osteoclasts influence their coupling capacity, highlighting the importance of ontogenetic heterogeneity in therapeutic strategies.
Core signaling cascades like BMP, sphingolipid/sclerostin, and WNT converge to form a robust communication network between osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
Therapeutic strategies should focus on expanding the coupling-competent pre-osteoclast pool to preserve the endogenous coupling network in skeletal therapies.

Frontiers In Surgery

April 20, 2026

Transforming spinal surgery: five years of navigation, workflow optimization and clinical impact

Johannes Groh
Simon Schramm
Lilli Holzmann
Simon Wagner
Mario Perl
Johannes Krause
April 20, 2026

Objective: To analyze the utilization of navigated dorsal spinal instrumentation over a 5-year period at a Level I trauma center and compare procedural characte

...more

Navigation-assisted spinal instrumentation enhances accuracy, workflow efficiency, and radiation safety in spine surgery.
A total of 557 patients were analyzed, comparing 119 navigated procedures to 438 fluoroscopic procedures.
Navigated cases involved older patients with higher ASA scores and showed improved screw accuracy with reduced radiation exposure.
A learning curve was observed, with time per screw improving significantly from 27 to 19 minutes after navigation adoption.
The study indicates ongoing advancements in navigation technology will further expand its role in spinal trauma surgery.

Frontiers In Surgery

April 20, 2026

Adult intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas: a case report and literature review

Hong Chen
Ying Xu
Zhongyue Liu
Yugang Jiang
Ming Wang
April 20, 2026

Objective: Enhance specificity regarding the significance of the case in the context of existing literature. Key Findings: Incorporate specific data or statisti

...more

Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare cerebrovascular lesion characterized by a direct shunt between arteries and a single draining vein.
A 56-year-old woman presented with severe headache and was diagnosed with a right frontal intracerebral hemorrhage due to a giant venous pouch associated with PAVF.
The patient underwent craniotomy for hematoma evacuation and microsurgical disconnection of the PAVF, resulting in complete removal of the hematoma.
Postoperative imaging confirmed total obliteration of the PAVF, and the patient was discharged neurologically intact without recurrence.
Adult PAVF is extremely rare and poses a high risk of hemorrhage; early diagnosis and treatment lead to excellent outcomes.

Frontiers In Digital Health

April 20, 2026

Beyond the algorithm: embedding ethics for trustworthy AI in radiology and oncology

Mónica Cano Abadía
Melanie Goisauf
April 20, 2026

Objective: To explore specific ethical and societal aspects of AI in radiology and oncology, proposing a structured pathway for trustworthy AI development. Key

...more

AI in radiology and oncology enhances diagnostic accuracy but raises ethical and societal challenges that require careful consideration.
Trustworthiness in AI is essential for acceptance, necessitating a shift from high-level principles to context-specific, interdisciplinary approaches.
The study identified four dimensions of trustworthy AI: explainability, trust, accountability, and fairness, which are challenging to operationalize.
Ethical issues in AI cannot be treated solely as technical problems; they require engagement from diverse stakeholders to foster trust.
The proposed pathway emphasizes embedding ethics throughout the AI lifecycle, recognizing AI as a socio-technical actor in clinical environments.

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