Objective: The article examines the objective, findings, and clinical context described in FDA approves amivantamab for head and neck cancer. Approach: Treatmen
Objective: To describe a keratoacanthoma arising within red tattoo pigment. Approach: Case report: Researchers reported the clinical and histopathologic finding
Objective: Identify histamine-related genes associated with Sjögren’s syndrome–related keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and assess their potential diagnostic va
Researchers analyzed 2 public gene expression datasets to identify histamine-related genes associated with Sjögren’s syndrome and keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
IFITM1 and CTSS were selected by 2 machine learning algorithms, and each had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve greater than 0.90 for distinguishing KCS from controls.
A diagnostic nomogram combining IFITM1 and CTSS had an area under the curve of 1.00 in the training dataset, but requires validation in larger, independent cohorts.
In cultured corneal epithelial cells under hyperosmotic stress, suppression of either gene improved cell viability and reduced interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α expression.
The study’s small KCS cohort, cross-sectional dataset comparison, and cell-culture experiments limit conclusions; independent clinical and mechanistic validation is needed.
Objective: The article examines the objective, findings, and clinical context described in 4 societies align on 2026–2027 respiratory vaccine guidance. Approach
Objective: To assess associations between prenatal exposure to wildfire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and childhood autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and
Hemimegalencephaly is rare and often causes catastrophic, drug-resistant epilepsy involving most of the affected hemisphere.
Persistent seizures despite two appropriately dosed and tolerated medications, or seizures with an abnormal MRI finding, warrant prompt evaluation at a specialized pediatric epilepsy center.
Intractable epilepsy is an independent risk factor for developmental delay and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, supporting early imaging and referral.
Hemispherectomy remains the gold standard treatment for HME-associated epilepsy, and surgery may be considered in infancy at experienced centers.
At Phoenix Children’s, fewer than 15% of hemispherectomy patients require a shunt for postoperative hydrocephalus.
The National Sleep Foundation estimated that 145 million US adult drivers (61%) have driven while sleepy at least once, and nearly 35 million do so at least monthly.
Approximately 40% of adult drivers do not recognize basic signs of sleep-related impairment, including excessive blinking, head-nodding, and lane drifting.
The report cited AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety data indicating that drowsy driving contributes to approximately 1 in 5 fatal motor vehicle crashes.
Although 58% of adults were familiar with driver-alertness monitoring technology, 31% had used it and 62% worried that collected information could be misused.
The NSF recommends 7 to 9 hours of nightly sleep for most adults and advises sleepy drivers to stop safely, take a break, or arrange alternative transportation.
Objective: To estimate how permanent daylight-saving time (DST) would affect children’s pre-sunrise school commutes and examine the association between morning
Across 14 states, permanent DST was projected to increase annual dark-morning school commute exposure from 198 million child-days under the seasonal system to 554 million.
Permanent standard time was projected to result in approximately 97 million annual dark-morning school commute child-days across the 14 states.
A nationwide model estimated that permanent DST would add approximately 2.14 billion pre-sunrise school commutes annually, assuming an 8 AM departure time.
Among 10,305 fatal crashes on school-year weekday mornings, crashes before sunrise had 1.77 times the adjusted odds of involving a pedestrian compared with crashes after sunrise.
For pedestrians aged 5 to 18 years, fatal crashes before sunrise had 2.22 times the adjusted odds of involving a pedestrian, but the analyses could not establish causation.
The authors plan to compare a smart toilet’s hydration measurements, based on urine color and concentration, with conventional laboratory methods, including osmolality.
The device is marketed for general wellness and tracks stool patterns, hydration, urinary flow, and bathroom habits.
The article notes that frequent measurements can feel persuasive, but repetition does not establish accuracy.
Laboratory results can be wrong because of unsuitable conditions, poor methods, quality-control failures, reagent changes, matrix effects, software changes, or interferences.
As consumer devices produce measurements resembling established medical tests, clinicians and health systems will need to assess how much trust those measurements deserve.
Objective: Assess the diagnostic yield and clinical impact of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in children with cerebral palsy. Approach: Participants and testing:
Whole genome sequencing identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 11 of 86 children with cerebral palsy (12.8%) in a UK pilot study.
All 11 confirmed genetic diagnoses influenced care or genetic counselling; four led to tailored clinical management and seven to additional specialist care.
Examples of care changes included altering antiseizure medication, arranging mitochondrial assessment, and introducing cardiovascular screening.
Intellectual disability, dystonia, and abnormalities affecting multiple body systems were associated with a greater likelihood of a genetic diagnosis.
The authors support considering WGS in cerebral palsy diagnostic pathways but note that larger prospective studies are needed to assess effectiveness, cost, and patient selection.
Objective: The article examines the objective, findings, and clinical context described in Video: The Ultimate in Translational Medicine – with Harold Keer. App
Harold Keer describes industry as a way to scale individual discoveries into medicines for patients, calling it “the ultimate translational medicine.”.
Cancer treatment has expanded from cytotoxic chemotherapy to targeted therapies, monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapies, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates.
RAS, once considered an “undruggable” target, is now a competitive area of drug development.
Keer discusses why promising cancer programs fail and the promise and possible “irrational exuberance” surrounding emerging treatment modalities.
Keer says his unfinished business is helping Taiho’s newly acquired antibody-drug conjugate technology reach the clinic.
Objective: The article examines the objective, findings, and clinical context described in Correction to the Analysis of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Access an
Objective: To assess humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and 12-month safety after adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccination in lung and allogeneic hematopoietic c
This single-center, nonrandomized trial followed 86 lung or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients for 12 months after 1 dose of adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine.
Neutralizing antibody titers rose after vaccination, remained stable through 6 months, and waned by 12 months; seroconversion at 12 months was 24% in lung and 17% in alloHCT recipients.
Binding antibody concentrations increased after vaccination and remained above baseline at 12 months, while polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell frequencies also remained significantly above baseline.
Lung transplant recipients had higher antibody responses than alloHCT recipients, whereas polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses were comparable; RSV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were largely undetect
Vaccination was well tolerated, with no vaccine-related rejection or graft-vs-host disease; the study was limited by its single-center design, modest sample, and lack of a control group.
Objective: The article examines whether exposure to overactive bladder treatments, including β3 adrenergic agonists and anticholinergic medications, is associat
Observational studies have associated anticholinergic medication exposure with a higher incidence of dementia.
Guidelines advise caution with anticholinergic medications for overactive bladder, prompting many clinicians to prescribe β3 adrenergic agonists instead.
In a retrospective cohort of 830 393 adults, β3 agonist exposure was not associated with a statistically significantly lower dementia incidence than anticholinergic exposure.
After confounder balancing, regular anticholinergic use was associated with a modestly lower hazard, and longer exposure was not associated with increased dementia risk.
The authors noted that channeling bias and residual confounding could explain the findings and called for prospective studies with rigorous dementia definitions.
Objective: The article examines the objective, findings, and clinical context described in Respiratory Tract Herpesvirus Reactivation in Critically Ill Patients
Harbiye et al. linked pulmonary HSV reactivation in persistent acute respiratory failure with less favorable outcomes and a localized alveolar inflammatory response.
Elevated pulmonary HSV burden was associated with a distinct inflammatory phenotype, but its relationship to acute respiratory failure subphenotypes remains unconfirmed.
The authors call for evaluating HSV reactivation across acute respiratory failure subphenotypes and stratifying analyses by immune status, sepsis, and molecular profiles.
Upper respiratory tract HSV burden and timing of artificial airway placement warrant assessment because HSV may spread to the lower respiratory tract in ventilated patients.
The authors recommend standardizing HSV PCR results in IU/mL, investigating interactions with other airway pathogens, and testing antiviral therapy in randomized trials.
Objective: Estimate Fragile X syndrome (FXS) diagnosis rates in a multistate population and assess differences by sex and race. Approach: Design and data: Cross
This cross-sectional study used electronic health records from 7,381,668 patients across Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Among 839 expected cases of fragile X syndrome, 231 patients had a recorded diagnosis, for an overall diagnosis rate of 27.5%.
The diagnosis rate was lower among Black patients than White patients (17.9% vs 30.6%; P < .001).
Women had lower diagnosis rates than men overall and within each racial group; Black women had a lower rate than White women (3.5% vs 23.1%; P < .001).
Case ascertainment relied on diagnostic codes, and estimates may be affected by changes in practice over 5 decades and uncertainty in FXS prevalence.