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The Pathologist

June 9, 2026

Pathologist Perspectives on PD-L1 CPS Scoring in Challenging Cases.

June 9, 2026
1 min

Summary
Takeaways
Insight Report
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Clinical Scorecard

Objective: To provide expert insights into CPS scoring in challenging cases across different indication types. Key Findings: Indication-specific staining charac

Dr. Georgios Deftereos provides expert insights on CPS scoring in challenging pathology cases.
The presentation covers indication-specific staining characteristics affecting CPS evaluation.
Scoring demonstrations are included to enhance understanding of CPS evaluation.
Tips for accurate and efficient evaluation of CPS scoring will be shared.
An interactive Q&A session will allow for discussion and clarification of concepts.

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The Medicine Maker

May 7, 2026

Raman Spectroscopy Moves to the Front Line of Pandemic Preparedness

May 7, 2026
2 min

Summary
Takeaways

Objective: To review the application of Raman spectroscopy and its enhanced variants in detecting pandemic-prone viruses, emphasizing its significance in pandem

Raman spectroscopy offers rapid, label-free insights into viruses and host responses, enhancing pandemic preparedness.
Enhanced Raman techniques like SERS, TERS, and CARS improve sensitivity and resolution for detecting viral particles.
Raman-based methods have shown rapid detection capabilities for influenza and high accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.
Research focus is skewed towards accessible viruses, leaving high-risk pathogens like Lassa and Marburg underexplored.
Technical barriers such as weak signal intensity and fluorescence interference hinder the clinical translation of Raman methods.

Frontiers In Oncology

May 7, 2026

Metachronous multicentric giant cell tumor of bone with pulmonary metastases: a case report with 20-year follow-up

Lei Zhao
Wei Wang
Guohui Liang
Zhicai Zhang
Jianxiang Liu
Binlong Zhong
May 7, 2026

Summary
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Clinical Scorecard

Objective: To report a rare case of metachronous multicentric giant cell tumor of bone (MGCTB) with pulmonary metastases and analyze the long-term management ou

Metachronous multicentric giant cell tumor of bone (MGCTB) with pulmonary metastases is an exceedingly rare and challenging condition.
The patient, a 38-year-old male, was followed for over 20 years, undergoing multiple surgical interventions for MGCTB.
Denosumab therapy, initiated in 2017, achieved sustained disease stabilization despite previous treatment failures.
A treatment interruption during the COVID-19 pandemic led to disease progression, necessitating further surgical intervention.
This case highlights the importance of continuous systemic therapy in managing advanced MGCTB and controlling metastatic disease.

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Frontiers In Medicine

May 7, 2026

The relationship between physical activity levels and prognosis in geriatric patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome

Gokhan Taskin
Ramazan Kiyak
Muhammet Cakas
Bahadir Caglar
Evrim Duman
Ismail Emre Deniz
Ozkan Isik
May 7, 2026

Takeaways
Quiz
Poll

Higher physical activity levels in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome are associated with lower rates of major adverse cardiac events.
Patients diagnosed with major adverse cardiac events exhibited significantly lower physical activity levels compared to those without such events.
Elevated ACS risk scores were found in patients diagnosed with major adverse cardiac events compared to those with non-MACE outcomes.
Physical activity levels negatively correlated with ACS risk scores, indicating that higher activity may reduce risk.
Incorporating physical activity into treatment strategies for elderly ACS patients could enhance outcomes and serve as a prognostic marker.

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Frontiers In Immunology

May 7, 2026

Sequential versus concurrent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized, controlled, open-label, phase 2 trial (HCHTOG1906)

Yan Zheng
Jiwei Wu
Lingdi Zhao
Yaxing Shen
Guanghui Liang
Keting Li
Quanli Gao
Wenqun Xing
May 7, 2026

Summary
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Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of sequential versus concurrent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamo

The study involved 70 patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from July 2019 to June 2023.
The primary endpoint was pathological complete remission (pCR), with an overall rate of 22.2% and no significant difference between sequential and concurrent groups.
The concurrent group experienced significantly higher rates of nausea and diarrhea, with 14.2% of participants reporting grade 3–5 treatment-related adverse events.
Six treatment-related fatalities occurred, with five in the concurrent group and one in the sequential group, indicating higher risks associated with concurrent therapy.
No significant differences in overall survival or disease-free survival were found between the sequential and concurrent immunochemotherapy approaches.

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Frontiers In Medicine

May 7, 2026

Identification and pathogenicity analysis of a novel intronic COL4A5 variant in a Chinese family

Pei Qian
Hui-mei Huang
Lei Suo
Zhijuan Li
Min Zhang
Ying Bao
May 7, 2026

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Objective: To investigate a novel intronic variant in the COL4A5 gene and assess its pathogenic implications in a Chinese family affected by X-linked Alport syn

A novel intronic variant (c.1587+4A>G) in the COL4A5 gene was identified in a Chinese family affected by X-linked Alport syndrome.
The proband, a 5-year-old male, exhibited microhematuria and had relatives with a history of renal disease and advanced renal failure.
Sanger sequencing confirmed that the identified variant co-segregated with the disease phenotype in affected family members.
Functional assays demonstrated that the variant causes abnormal mRNA splicing, leading to exon 23 skipping and a premature termination codon.
This study highlights the importance of transcript analysis for intronic variants and expands the mutational spectrum of COL4A5 in Alport syndrome.

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Frontiers In Immunology

May 7, 2026

Artificial intelligence in ovarian cancer: advancing in precision diagnosis and clinical management

Mingjun Shao
Tong Wang
Limei Ji
Lili Xu
Yanfei Zhang
Dongge Wang
Cenlin Jia
Lin Chen
Heng Zhang
Wei Yan
Xuehao Cui
Ran Tong
May 7, 2026

Summary
Takeaways
Insight Report
Quiz
Poll
Clinical Scorecard

Objective: Emphasize the significance of AI in improving outcomes for ovarian cancer. Key Findings: Include specific metrics or examples to enhance credibility.

Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death in gynecologic oncology, with late diagnosis contributing to poor outcomes.
AI techniques enhance tumor detection, classification, and treatment response prediction, improving precision in ovarian cancer management.
Multimodal AI models integrate imaging, molecular profiling, and clinical data to better characterize tumor heterogeneity.
AI approaches, including radiomics and deep learning, show promise in differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian lesions.
Despite advancements, challenges such as limited transparency and bias hinder the routine clinical application of AI in ovarian cancer.

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Frontiers In Neurology

May 7, 2026

Intervention effects of different brands of botulinum toxin type A on Meige syndrome with anxiety symptoms

Yunyu Tang
Ruen Liu
May 7, 2026

Summary
Takeaways
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Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic impacts of various brands of botulinum toxin A on Meige syndrome, particularly focusing on the accompanying anxiety sympt

Botulinum toxin type A is the primary pharmacological treatment for Meige syndrome, which often co-occurs with anxiety symptoms.
A study involving 148 patients compared the effects of Hengli and Botox formulations of botulinum toxin type A on Meige syndrome.
No significant differences were found in treatment efficacy, duration of effect, or mental state improvements between the two botulinum toxin brands.
Both formulations demonstrated similar safety profiles, with no notable disparities in adverse effects reported among patients.
The study supports the use of botulinum toxin type A as a safe and effective treatment for Meige syndrome and associated anxiety symptoms.

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Frontiers In Neurology

May 7, 2026

Neurosyphilis and limbic encephalitis: practical guidance for diagnosis and treatment sequencing at an infection–autoimmunity interface

Alexis Demas
May 7, 2026

Summary
Takeaways
Quiz

Objective: To explore the overlap between neurosyphilis and autoimmune limbic encephalitis, emphasizing diagnostic and treatment strategies and their clinical s

Neurosyphilis presents with diverse neurologic symptoms, often mimicking autoimmune limbic encephalitis, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
Patients with neurosyphilis may exhibit psychiatric disturbances, cognitive impairment, seizures, and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid characteristics.
Limited observations suggest modest improvement with antimicrobial treatment, while immunomodulation may lead to more significant recovery in some patients.
A dual diagnostic approach is recommended to ensure antimicrobial coverage for neurosyphilis while facilitating prompt autoimmune phenotyping.
The overlap of neurosyphilis and autoimmune limbic encephalitis challenges traditional diagnostic paradigms and necessitates careful clinical evaluation.

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Frontiers In Medicine

May 7, 2026

Investigation of trends, hot spots and effective therapies for pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome: a bibliometric analysis

Zhenyu Shi
Fengjuan Li
Tianhang Gao
Hui Chang
May 7, 2026

Summary
Takeaways
Quiz
Poll

Objective: To identify trends and key research areas in PCOS and pregnancy outcomes and synthesize effective treatment strategies for PCOS-related infertility.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 10%-13% of reproductive-age women and significantly impacts pregnancy outcomes.
This bibliometric study analyzed 410 publications and 45 clinical trials to identify research trends in PCOS and pregnancy outcomes.
China and the United States were the leading contributors to PCOS research, with Shanghai Jiao Tong University having the highest output.
Current research hotspots include insulin resistance and metformin, while emerging areas focus on neonatal outcomes and metabolic syndrome.
Future research should explore insulin resistance mechanisms and optimize assisted reproductive technologies for PCOS-related infertility.

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Frontiers In Oncology

May 7, 2026

TACE combined with DynaCT-guided MWA in the treatment of high-risk location liver cancers with ≤5 cm tumor size

Daqian Han
Gezhen Wang
Fangzheng Li
Chao Liang
Jiacheng Wang
Yangyang Niu
Hao Li
Shuguang Ju
Manzhou Wang
Xuhua Duan
May 7, 2026

Summary
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Quiz
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Objective: To investigate the safety and therapeutic effectiveness of TACE combined with DynaCT-guided MWA for liver tumors ≤5 cm located in high-risk areas, de

The study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of combining TACE with DynaCT-guided MWA for liver tumors ≤5 cm in high-risk locations.
Fifty-five patients with newly diagnosed liver cancer underwent the combination treatment, achieving a 96.4% objective response rate after one month.
Adverse events were mostly mild, classified as grade 1 or 2, requiring minimal intervention, indicating a favorable safety profile.
The mean overall survival was 41.0 months, and the mean progression-free survival was 31.2 months in the high-risk location group.
The combination treatment demonstrated promising cumulative survival rates of 98.1%, 94.5%, 85.4%, and 74.5% at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively.

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Frontiers In Oncology

May 7, 2026

Development and validation of a machine learning-based predictive model for early outcomes following combined suction-assisted lipectomy and lymphovenous anastomosis in breast cancer-related lymphedema: a retrospective cohort study

Yonghao Cui
Hao Dong
Zixuan Yao
Shuai Pang
Yuguang Sun
Song Xia
Wenbin Shen
May 7, 2026

Summary
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Quiz
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Objective: To develop a predictive framework for early postoperative outcomes in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema undergoing combined suction-assi

A machine learning framework was developed to predict early postoperative outcomes in breast cancer-related lymphedema patients.
The study analyzed data from 300 patients who underwent combined suction-assisted lipectomy and lymphovenous anastomosis.
The support vector machine model showed the best performance with an AUC of 0.891 and high sensitivity of 90.8%.
Three key predictors identified were postoperative excess limb volume, disease duration, and disease severity grade.
The model, integrated with SHAP analysis, aids in early risk stratification for better postoperative management.

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Frontiers In Oncology

May 7, 2026

BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic Wilms tumor with complete response to targeted RAF/MEK inhibition: a post-treatment follow-up case report

Iliani Slika
Carlene K. Edwards
Kenneth J. Cohen
Alan D. Friedman
Christine A. Pratilas
Patience Odeniyide
May 7, 2026

Summary
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Objective: To report the long-term outcomes of a pediatric patient with recurrent Wilms tumor treated with BRAF/MEK inhibition, focusing on the implications of

Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy, with a high overall survival rate for favorable histology cases.
Recurrent Wilms tumor has poor outcomes, and there are no established treatment guidelines for patients with multiple relapses.
A pediatric patient with BRAF V600E mutation achieved complete remission after treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
The patient remained disease-free for two years after stopping targeted therapy, marking a significant treatment success.
This case highlights the potential of precision-targeted therapy in managing relapsed Wilms tumor with specific genetic mutations.

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Frontiers In Oncology

May 7, 2026

Case Report: Primary sciatic leiomyosarcoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1

Longgang Chen
Meiling Xu
Kai Cheng
Lingya Cui
Xuefei Mou
Changhui Li
May 7, 2026

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Objective: Emphasize the rarity of the case more strongly. Key Findings: Provide more context regarding the significance of the findings. Interpretation: Elabor

A 56-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 presented with a primary sciatic leiomyosarcoma after an 8-month history of a growing thigh lump.
The tumor, measuring 14×11 cm, was surgically resected along with a segment of the sciatic nerve, achieving an R0 margin.
Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, showing severe anisocytosis and nerve invasion.
Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no recurrence or metastasis observed during the six-month follow-up.
This case underscores the importance of considering leiomyosarcoma in NF1 patients and the need for multidisciplinary management.

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Frontiers In Medicine

May 7, 2026

Immersive clinical learning using simulation and its impact on academic performance, satisfaction, self-confidence, and anxiety among pediatric nursing students

Majeda M. El-Banna
Eman Alshawish
Waqas Sami
Moattar Raza Rizvi
Intima Alrimawi
May 7, 2026

Summary
Takeaways
Quiz
Poll

Objective: To examine the association between simulation-integrated clinical learning and academic performance, satisfaction, self-confidence, and anxiety among

Simulation-based clinical learning offers a safe environment for pediatric nursing students to practice skills and manage anxiety.
The study compared simulation-integrated training with traditional hospital training among 191 nursing students.
No significant differences were found in GPA, pediatric theory scores, or anxiety levels between the two training methods.
Higher GPAs were associated with a greater likelihood of being allocated to simulation-integrated training.
Further randomized studies are needed to confirm the long-term effects of simulation-based education on nursing outcomes.

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Frontiers In Pediatrics

May 7, 2026

Case Report: BKV-specific T cells: a fast, safe and potentially effective treatment option for refractory BKV infections in pediatric patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Sven Oberwegner
Steffen A. Hettler
Luca Hensen
Amadeus T. Heinz
Christiane Braun
Michaela Döring
Peter Lang
May 7, 2026

Summary
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Quiz
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Objective: To assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of BKV-specific T cells in pediatric patients with refractory BKV infections post-allogeneic ste

BK virus reactivation is common after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and can lead to serious complications like nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis.
Current treatments for BKV infections are mainly supportive, with cidofovir lacking definitive evidence of effectiveness, highlighting the need for new therapies.
Adoptive transfer of BKV-specific T cells showed feasibility and safety in four pediatric patients with refractory BKV infections, with three showing decreased viral load.
The treatment was well tolerated, with no infusion-related adverse effects or severe graft-versus-host disease reported among the patients.
Further research is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of BKV-specific T cells as a therapeutic option for refractory BKV viremia in pediatric patients.

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Frontiers In Ophthalmology

May 7, 2026

Poroid hidradenoma of the eyelid: a case report

Christian Nieves-Rios
José J. López-Fontanet
Juan Serrano-Olmo
Joseph Campbell
May 7, 2026

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Objective: To report a rare case of poroid hidradenoma (PH) located on the eyelid, emphasizing its rarity, and discuss its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and

Poroid hidradenoma (PH) is a rare, benign neoplasm from eccrine sweat glands, typically appearing in older adults.
The case study presents an 88-year-old woman with a non-tender, enlarging eyelid mass diagnosed as PH after excisional biopsy.
Histopathological analysis revealed solid and cystic formations with a pseudocapsule, confirming the diagnosis of PH.
Surgical excision is the standard treatment for PH, with low recurrence rates, as demonstrated in the 3-month follow-up.
This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of PH in atypical locations like the eyelids, emphasizing the need for awareness among ophthalmic professionals.

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Frontiers In Medicine

May 7, 2026

Case Report: A case of diffuse subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome with vitreoretinal traction syndrome

Xiaohua Zhang
Yongping Hu
Jian Li
May 7, 2026

Summary
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Quiz
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Objective: To document a case of diffuse subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome occurring alongside vitreoretinal traction syndrome in an older female patient

A 67-year-old female was diagnosed with bilateral diffuse subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome, complicated by vitreoretinal traction syndrome.
The patient experienced a 4-year gap between the onset of symptoms in each eye, highlighting the sequential nature of the condition.
Fundus examination revealed significant retinal changes, including yellowish-white subretinal lesions and neovascularization in the left eye.
Treatment involved pars plana vitrectomy, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive therapy, and anti-VEGF therapy for recurrent macular edema.
The case emphasizes the diagnostic challenges of SFU syndrome and the need for comprehensive management strategies due to its poor prognosis.

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