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Frontiers In Medicine

June 15, 2026

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin IgG1-κ deposition in a patient with type 1 diabetes: a case report and literature review

Xi Li
Xiaoyan Zhang
Xinjun Dai
Yan Zhang
Tian Lan
Jian Li
Minghui Wu
Tianhang Jia
Jie Li
June 15, 2026

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Objective: Revise to include direct attribution. Approach: Key Findings: Align findings more closely with the source, especially immunofluorescence and electron

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) is characterized by edema, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency.
A 30-year-old woman with a 19-year history of type 1 diabetes presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria and acute renal failure.
Renal biopsy revealed monoclonal IgG1-κ deposits, with immunofluorescence showing granular deposits along glomerular capillary loops.
The patient was treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide, showing a good initial response but later required long-term dialysis.
Diagnosis of PGNMID necessitates renal biopsy and comprehensive testing, especially in patients with diabetes and renal dysfunction.

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Frontiers In Immunology

June 15, 2026

Sponge-like sonographic pattern of the spleen in immune dysregulation disorders

Giorgio Costagliola
Emanuela De Marco
Leonardo Amato
Giulia Roberti
Elena Sabattini
Fabrizio Catena
Mattia Moratti
Gabriella Casazza
Francesca Conti
Rita Consolini
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To describe a newly identified 'sponge-like' splenic microtexture pattern in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and hematologic immune dy

A newly described 'sponge-like' splenic microtexture pattern was identified in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and immune dysregulation.
In a cohort of 26 patients with IEIs, 30.8% exhibited a persistent sponge-like pattern on splenic ultrasound, despite the absence of infections or malignancies.
The index case, an 11-year-old boy, showed a sponge-like pattern characterized by multiple hypoechoic round foci detected by high-frequency ultrasound.
Immunomodulation treatments, including sirolimus and rituximab, resulted in significant improvement or normalization of the sponge-like splenic pattern.
The findings suggest that identifying the sponge-like pattern may support earlier suspicion of underlying IEIs in patients with immune dysregulation.

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Frontiers In Endocrinology

June 15, 2026

Decoding the reproductive microbiome: enabling clinical and biological insights through machine and deep learning

Ignacio Garach Vélez
Irene Leonés-Baños
Bárbara A. Folch
Laura Antequera
Ignacio Rojas
Francisco Ortuño
María José Sáez Lara
Signe Altmäe
Luis Javier Herrera
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To highlight the characteristics and challenges of reproductive microbiome data and discuss machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches i

The reproductive microbiome significantly influences reproductive health, affecting sperm quality, ovarian function, and pregnancy outcomes.
Machine learning and deep learning are essential for transforming complex microbiome data into predictive insights for reproductive medicine.
Challenges in reproductive microbiome research include low biomass, small cohort sizes, and the need for robust data integration methods.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence is crucial for ensuring that computational findings in microbiome research are interpretable and clinically relevant.
Standardizing analytical workflows and prioritizing interpretability are key steps toward advancing predictive studies in personalized reproductive care.

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Frontiers In Endocrinology

June 15, 2026

Editorial: Genetic mechanisms in diabetes pathogenesis

Roma Patel
Nirali Rathwa
Dhanakesaran Bodhini
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To discuss the genetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the implications for advancing precision medicine, emphasizing its sig

Diabetes mellitus is a group of distinct disorders with varying molecular pathways, not a single disease.
Research emphasizes the role of immune signaling, inflammation, and epigenetic regulation in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.
MicroRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers linking diabetes to complications and metabolic dysfunction.
Dysfunctional adipose tissue is a primary driver of metabolic disease, particularly in South Asian populations.
The transition from small cohort findings to validated clinical tools remains a challenge in diabetes research.

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Frontiers In Neurology

June 15, 2026

Assessing the prognostic value of early oculomotor abnormalities in Huntington’s disease

Ahmad Kaddoura
Solveig E. J. Dalbro
Marleen R. van Walsem
Lasse Pihlstrøm
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To explore the predictive value of oculomotor dysfunction in early Huntington's disease, emphasizing the significance of large longitudinal datasets.

Oculomotor dysfunction appears early in Huntington's disease, often before clinical motor symptoms manifest.
Vertical eye movements are more affected than horizontal movements prior to motor diagnosis in Huntington's disease.
Saccade velocity, vertical smooth pursuit, and horizontal saccade initiation are significant predictors of disease progression.
The study utilized data from Enroll-HD and PREDICT-HD to analyze oculomotor items of the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale.
Findings suggest that digital eye tracking could serve as a valuable biomarker for monitoring Huntington's disease progression.

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Frontiers In Neurology

June 15, 2026

Minimally invasive resection of solid intraventricular lesions via single burr-hole ventriculoscopy

Xinghua Xu
Jiashu Zhang
Zhichao Gan
Qun Wang
Haoyang Zheng
Shiyu Zhang
Xiaolei Chen
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, technical workflow, and clinical outcomes of single burr-hole pure ventriculoscopic resection for small solid intraventr

Single burr-hole pure ventriculoscopic resection is a safe and effective method for removing small solid intraventricular lesions.
Gross-total resection was achieved in 92.1% of cases without significant complications or mortality.
Postoperative follow-up showed no lesion recurrence and only one case of delayed hydrocephalus successfully treated endoscopically.
Transient diplopia occurred in 5.3% of patients, while one patient experienced an intracranial infection.
Preoperative virtual planning using high-resolution MRI improved surgical accuracy and minimized risks associated with traditional approaches.

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Frontiers In Endocrinology

June 15, 2026

Inhibition of ferroptosis improves developmental competence of vitrified–warmed oocytes

Tianli Huang
Yutong Huang
Xuanqi Liu
Jiaying Mo
Yining Cao
Yishang Yan
Jun Ren
Xinyuan Li
Jianzhong Sheng
Hong Zhu
Hefeng Huang
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To investigate the impact of ferroptosis on the quality and developmental competence of vitrified and warmed mouse oocytes. Approach: Key Findings: V

Oocyte vitrification is a common method for female fertility preservation but can compromise oocyte quality due to oxidative stress.
Vitrified-warmed mouse oocytes showed mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and activated ferroptosis-related signaling.
Treatment with ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin-1 and glutathione monoethyl ester improved mitochondrial function and oocyte quality.
Ferroptosis contributes to oocyte damage during vitrification-warming, leading to reduced embryonic developmental competence.
The study highlights the potential of targeting ferroptosis to enhance the developmental potential of vitrified-warmed oocytes.

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Frontiers In Cardiovascular Medicine

June 15, 2026

A case report of a rare and distinctive pacing pattern during left bundle branch pacing in a child with third-degree atrioventricular block following ventricular septal defect repair

Yue Bao
Wenwen Chen
Qingqun Zhang
Hongwei Han
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To report a rare case of a pediatric patient who developed an unexpected right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern during left bundle branch pacing (L

A 3-year-old girl developed third-degree atrioventricular block and right bundle branch block after ventricular septal defect repair.
Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) was performed, but initial pacing produced an unexpected right bundle branch block pattern on ECG.
This phenomenon is rare and may indicate proximal conduction system block due to surgical scarring from the VSD repair.
The pacing lead initially contacted the right ventricular septum, leading to atypical RBBB-like pacing morphology.
Post-procedure, the patient's pacemaker parameters were satisfactory, and echocardiography showed normal cardiac function.

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Frontiers In Medicine

June 15, 2026

Development and external validation of a parsimonious lactate-to-diastolic blood pressure ratio model for 28-day mortality risk stratification in septic shock: a retrospective two-cohort study

Ziang Li
Wanglin Zhang
Kanlirong Wang
Tong Jin
Liqun Sun
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To develop and externally validate a model based on the lactate-to-invasive diastolic blood pressure ratio (LDR) for predicting 28-day mortality in s

A simplified model using the lactate-to-diastolic blood pressure ratio (LDR) predicts 28-day mortality in septic shock patients with invasive monitoring.
The study included 320 patients from an institutional ICU and 962 from MIMIC-IV, assessing LDR's performance in predicting mortality.
LDR × 100 demonstrated consistent discrimination with AUCs of 0.726 and 0.714 in development and validation cohorts, respectively.
Calibration drift was observed in external validation, indicating the need for local recalibration of LDR-based risk estimates.
LDR provides complementary risk assessment in the lactate gray zone but requires prospective validation before clinical use.

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Frontiers In Medicine

June 15, 2026

Comparative effectiveness of regional analgesia techniques after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials

Danling Hu
Weiwei Cai
Anwen Zheng
Shuaili You
Shan Zhong
June 15, 2026

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Objective: Specify the types of regional analgesia techniques being compared. Approach: Key Findings: Include specific statistical results for clarity. Interpre

Regional analgesia techniques significantly reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
Intertransverse process plane block (ITPB) notably improves long-term pain at rest and during movement compared to systemic analgesia.
Epidural analgesia (EA) decreases postoperative opioid consumption and enhances the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio, indicating potential immunomodulatory effects.
The evidence for the efficacy of various regional analgesia methods is of low to moderate certainty, necessitating cautious interpretation of findings.
Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are essential to confirm the comparative effectiveness of regional analgesia techniques in this patient population.

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Frontiers In Medicine

June 15, 2026

Developing and validating a lactate-to-albumin ratio-enhanced score for mortality prediction in ICU patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a multi-cohort study

Jun An
Peng Liu
Yingqun Ji
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of the lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR) for 28-day mortality in ICU patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and t

The study evaluated the lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR) as a predictor of 28-day mortality in ICU patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE).
LAR demonstrated a linear relationship with 28-day mortality, with AUC values ranging from 0.610 to 0.710 across different cohorts.
The new scoring system, LAR-sPESI, showed modest improvements in predictive performance compared to the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI).
LAR exhibited moderate discriminative ability for norepinephrine use, while its predictive performance for thrombolysis and mechanical ventilation was limited.
The study suggests that LAR may serve as a preliminary predictor of mortality in ICU patients with APE, supporting exploratory risk stratification.

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Frontiers In Immunology

June 15, 2026

Meningeal immunity and “Interstitial” therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma

Hongan Fei
Xichao Wen
Wensong Wu
HaiPeng Liu
Haipeng Xie
Yan Wang
Kebin Zheng
Zhaomu Zeng
Zetong Bai
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To examine the current status and challenges of glioblastoma (GBM) immunotherapy, specifically addressing the physical and immunological barriers, an

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
Traditional immunotherapy approaches have shown limited success in GBM due to barriers like the blood-brain barrier and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Recent discoveries of meningeal lymphatic vessels and resident border-associated macrophages (rBAMs) provide new insights for enhancing GBM immunotherapy.
Meningeal vascular blockage can expand rBAMs and improve T cell responses against glioblastoma, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.
Interstitial immunotherapy aims to leverage the meningeal immune system to overcome immunosuppressive barriers and enhance anti-tumor immunity in GBM.

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Frontiers In Pediatrics

June 15, 2026

Case Report: ETV6 c.744del gene mutation acute lymphoblastic leukemia in identical twins

Xiaoxiao Xu
Huiyan Yang
Ruihan Fang
Lin Tan
Yaxin Luo
Fuyu Pei
Xuedong Wu
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To report a rare clinical case of monozygotic twins with germline ETV6 mutations who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-B). Approach: Key Fi

Monozygotic twins with germline ETV6 c.744del mutation developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, highlighting genetic susceptibility.
The ETV6:c.744del mutation is a novel germline mutation not previously reported, associated with familial hematologic malignancies.
The elder twin achieved complete remission after chemotherapy and has remained disease-free for 42 months.
The younger twin relapsed during maintenance therapy and underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation, achieving remission.
The case underscores the importance of genetic testing and family screening for pediatric patients with leukemia.

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Frontiers In Pediatrics

June 15, 2026

Real-world effectiveness and safety of dupilumab therapy in children ≤6 years with uncontrolled persistent asthma: a propensity-matched retrospective cohort study

Ahlam Mazi
Azizah Aljohany
Michele Fouad
Hanaa Hamadallah
Esraa M. Bukhari
Doaa Bayomi
Samahir Alsulaimani
Nour Gazzaz
Muhannad Sharara
Monica Dobs
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To quantify the real-world effectiveness and safety of dupilumab therapy in children aged ≤6 years with asthma that remains uncontrolled despite stan

Dupilumab is a biological agent effective in older children with uncontrolled asthma but lacks data for children aged six years and younger.
A retrospective cohort analysis compared outcomes in children ≤6 years on dupilumab plus standard treatment versus standard treatment alone.
Dupilumab therapy was associated with reduced acute exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use, and emergency room visits at 6 and 12 months.
The risk of anaphylaxis was higher in children receiving dupilumab compared to those on standard treatment alone.
This study provides real-world evidence on the efficacy and safety of dupilumab for managing uncontrolled asthma in young children.

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Frontiers In Oncology

June 15, 2026

Submandibular gland preservation versus removal during neck dissection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sargon Shazo
Raji Ranganathan
Giulio Cirignaco
Valentino Vellone
Giulia Romanelli
Pedro Sampaio
Alexandros Damalas
Julio Acero
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To assess whether submandibular gland (SMG) preservation compromises oncologic outcomes or improves functional outcomes, particularly xerostomia, in

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Frontiers In Oncology

June 15, 2026

Case Report: KIF5B-ALK–rearranged renal cell carcinoma

Jiaxi Yao
Zhifei Xie
Guangyao Shi
Ming Tan
Zhuo Liu
Min Lu
Hongxian Zhang
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To present a case of renal cell carcinoma with KIF5B-ALK fusion and enhance understanding of this rare subtype's clinical significance. Key Findings:

ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC) is a rare subtype of renal cancer characterized by ALK gene fusion with various partners.
The case study reports a 39-year-old man with ALK-RCC confirmed by next-generation sequencing revealing a KIF5B-ALK fusion.
Histopathological examination showed atypical morphology and renal epithelial differentiation in the tumor.
Managing ALK-RCC is challenging due to its rarity and limited treatment options, necessitating targeted therapies.
The findings enhance understanding of ALK-RCC, aiding clinicians and pathologists in diagnosis and treatment.

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Frontiers In Cardiovascular Medicine

June 15, 2026

Single-catheter radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: a comparative evaluation

Alessio Falasca Zamponi
Fariborz Tabrizi
Anders Englund
Sergej Scheel
Jens Olson
Ivar Skoger
Christian Basile
Raffaele Scorza
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To evaluate whether omitting the circular mapping catheter (CMC) preserves efficacy and improves efficiency in first-time pulmonary vein isolation (P

The study evaluated the efficacy and efficiency of single-catheter radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation.
A CMC-free cohort showed significantly shorter procedures, reduced fluoroscopy time, and lower radiation doses compared to the CMC-guided cohort.
Twelve-month freedom from atrial arrhythmia was comparable between CMC-guided and CMC-free groups, indicating similar efficacy.
The CMC-free approach demonstrated improved procedural efficiency without compromising safety or effectiveness in first-time PVI.
Further prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm the findings and assess the safety and efficacy of omitting CMC in ablation.

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Frontiers In Immunology

June 15, 2026

Transdermal entry of a non-pathogenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae induces an immunomodulatory response in skin-draining lymph nodes

Thanh Dat Ta
Madoka Ozawa
Yuka Kasuga
Midori Shida
Yui Kotani
Haruko Hayasaka
Michio Tomura
Eiji Umemoto
Tomoya Katakai
June 15, 2026

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Objective: To elucidate the immunological impact of non-pathogenic fermentative fungi, specifically Aspergillus oryzae (Ao), on immune responses in skin-drainin

Aspergillus oryzae (Ao) is a non-pathogenic filamentous fungus traditionally used in Japanese fermentation.
Subcutaneous inoculation of Ao in mice led to significant enlargement of skin-draining lymph nodes and increased immune cell numbers.
The immune response to Ao was characterized by increased activated B cells and type 2 resident dendritic cells.
Ao entry induced a mild immune response with increased IL-4 expression and development of immune memory without enhancing responses to other antigens.
Pre-inoculation with Ao inhibited allergic responses, suggesting its potential immunomodulatory effects.

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