Two phase 3 trials randomized 1,399 patients aged 12 to under 64 years with severe alopecia areata to upadacitinib 15 mg, 30 mg, or placebo for 24 weeks.
At week 24, 45% of patients receiving 15 mg and 54% to 55% receiving 30 mg achieved a SALT score of 20 or less, compared with 2% to 3% receiving placebo.
Complete scalp hair regrowth at week 24 occurred in 13% to 14% of patients receiving 15 mg and 20% to 23% receiving 30 mg, versus 0% to 1% receiving placebo.
Upadacitinib also improved eyebrow and eyelash regrowth, patient-reported disease status, symptoms, daily activity interference, and quality-of-life measures.
During 24 weeks, adverse events occurred in 63% of patients receiving 15 mg, 67% receiving 30 mg, and 57% receiving placebo; no new safety signals or deaths were reported.
Objective: To compare pathologist review time and diagnostic performance with standard digital pathology versus AI-assisted digital pathology for breast biopsie
In the retrospective, single-center CASCADE study, 2 pathologists reviewed 194 breast biopsy cases using standard digital pathology and AI-assisted digital pathology.
Mean review time decreased from 71.12 seconds with standard digital pathology to 40.18 seconds with AI assistance, a 44% reduction.
Cancer diagnostic agreement was 97% with standard digital pathology and 99% with AI assistance; sensitivity was 98% and 100%, respectively.
For DCIS, agreement increased from 93% to 99% and sensitivity from 86% to 100%, but the subgroup included only 21 positive cases.
AI-guided IHC preordering was estimated to reduce turnaround time by about 2.5 days for applicable true-positive cases, but this modeled reduction requires prospective evaluation.
Objective: The article examines the objective, findings, and clinical context described in Multidisciplinary Clinic Offers a New Model for Complex AFib Care. Ap
Keck Medicine of USC opened a multidisciplinary atrial fibrillation clinic in Pasadena for patients with complex, longstanding persistent AFib.
The clinic combines cardiac electrophysiologists, cardiac surgeons, and a nurse practitioner to assess patients and develop individualized treatment plans.
For longstanding persistent AFib, endocardial treatments alone may be less successful than a hybrid approach that also uses minimally invasive epicardial techniques.
The clinic offers convergent maze and totally thoracoscopic maze procedures with left atrial appendage exclusion, followed by electrophysiologic evaluation.
The clinic also provides long-term rhythm monitoring, risk-factor modification, and management of comorbidities such as heart failure and valvular disease.
Objective: To review pediatric reference data for corneal thickness, curvature, and diameter, including demographic variation, geographic representation, and me
The review included 28 studies of more than 46,000 healthy children younger than 18 years, published from January 2000 through December 2024.
Central corneal thickness, curvature, and diameter generally remained relatively stable after early childhood, but age- and sex-related findings varied across studies.
Studies generally reported thinner corneas among Black children than White children, while findings across other racial and ethnic groups varied.
Geographic representation was uneven: 17 of 28 studies were conducted in Asia, and only 2 were conducted in Africa.
Differences in measurement technologies, reporting practices, and study populations limited comparisons and the generalizability of pediatric corneal reference values.
Researchers analyzed 8 waves of nationally representative US data on adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from October 2014 through December 2024.
Among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, established vaping prevalence rose among girls from 4.9% in 2021 to 7.8% in 2024, while boys’ prevalence remained near 4.2% to 4.6%.
In 2024, established vaping prevalence among adolescents aged 12 to 14 years was 1.5% among girls and 1.1% among boys.
Established combustible cigarette smoking prevalence declined from 1.6% in 2014 to 2015 to 0.2% in 2024.
The repeated cross-sectional design, self-reported nicotine use, and focus on established use limited conclusions about individual trajectories, causes, and experimentation.
Objective: Announce Dr. Erin Gillaspie’s appointment as chief of thoracic surgery and summarize her professional background and research interests. Approach: Ap
Mohamed Abdelmonem and Marion Carrillo preview 2 interactive round tables at the ASCP Annual Meeting in November in Montréal.
One round table will discuss how ASCP can make global membership more valuable, accessible, and relevant to international members.
Speakers cite finances, education access, language, technology, professional recognition, local regulations, and health care system differences as participation barriers.
The mentorship discussion will address cultural responsiveness, language, professional expectations, career pathways, and differences in laboratory medicine across countries.
The sessions will use discussion, real-world examples, audience polling, and open dialogue to identify challenges and develop practical solutions.
Objective: To identify blood metabolites associated with future cardiac disease progression in people with chronic Chagas disease. Approach: Study samples: Rese
Chagas disease can remain asymptomatic for decades, but 20% to 30% of chronically infected people develop clinically significant cardiac disease.
Researchers analyzed stored serum samples from 72 patients with chronic Chagas disease in Bolivia using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Among patients initially without cardiac involvement, 15 developed more advanced disease during follow-up, while 48 remained stable.
Eight metabolites were associated with future progression, and 10 of 45 candidate biomarker panels achieved at least 60% sensitivity and 90% specificity.
The biomarkers require validation in larger, geographically diverse studies, standardized testing methods, and evidence of clinical utility before routine use.
Researchers coated a three-dimensional nanotubular copper current collector with an approximately 10-nm layer of Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene for anode-free lithium-metal batteries.
The MXene coating interacted with electrolyte hexafluorophosphate anions and promoted uniform lithium nucleation and a lithium fluoride-rich solid-electrolyte interphase.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy characterized the interface and showed lithium fluoride nanoparticles along the M
In lean-electrolyte coin cells with NCM811 cathodes, modified collectors retained 78.1 mAh/g at cycle 125, compared with 44.9 mAh/g for unmodified copper.
At cycle 125, Coulombic efficiency was 99.06% with the modified collector and 95.01% with unmodified copper; larger-format testing remains necessary to assess commercial performance.
Objective: Assess whether atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS) can rapidly screen surfaces for illicit drug residues, compared
Researchers collected 420 surface swabs over 3 weeks from bathrooms, tables, and a bar in an anonymous pub in southern England.
Confirmatory LC-MS detected cocaine in 250 swabs and ketamine in 70; 64 swabs contained both substances.
Direct, untargeted ASAP-MS rapidly screened swabs but mainly detected samples with relatively high cocaine levels and missed many residues found by LC-MS.
Methanol extraction with targeted ASAP-MS increased sensitivity, but the method still missed 59.51% of cocaine-positive and 88.57% of ketamine-positive samples identified by LC-MS.
ASAP-MS produced 15 false-positive results, including apparent ketamine signals linked to procaine, and the researchers said further optimization is needed before routine on-site screening.
Objective: To estimate how often adults with likely long COVID improve or achieve complete symptom resolution over time. Approach: Study design: Prospective obs
In the RECOVER-Adult cohort, 50% of adults with likely long COVID at 12 months had sustained improvement by 36 months.
Complete symptom resolution was estimated in 15% of participants by 24 months and 27% by 36 months.
By 36 months, sustained improvement ranged from 60% among participants with smell or taste disturbances to 19% among those with multisystem symptoms.
Improvement probabilities were higher among participants infected during the Omicron period than among those infected before Omicron, and were similar by sex.
The observational study could not establish causality, and its primary outcome reflected improvement below the likely long COVID threshold rather than complete recovery.
Objective: To assess whether adding fusion to decompression improves 12-month outcomes for patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and whether patie
This cohort study included 2,252 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with decompression alone or decompression with fusion.
At 12 months, the study found no clear differences between procedures in disability, pain, quality of life, treatment satisfaction, or subsequent spine surgery.
Prespecified patient characteristics, including age, sex, smoking status, BMI, back pain intensity, and ASA grade, did not clearly modify comparative treatment effects.
Decompression alone was associated with fewer perioperative complications, operations about 85 minutes shorter, and hospital stays 1.9 days shorter than fusion.
An exploratory post hoc analysis found worse disability outcomes with fusion among men with BMI of at least 30 kg/m², a finding requiring further investigation.
Objective: To assess whether rosacea is associated with subsequent irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and whether IBS is associated with subsequent rosacea. Approa
In a Korean population-based cohort, patients with rosacea had a 30% higher adjusted hazard of subsequently developing IBS than matched controls.
Patients with IBS had a 61% higher adjusted hazard of subsequently developing rosacea, although the absolute incidence of rosacea remained low.
The study included 712,331 adults and used matched cohorts and Cox models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities.
Bidirectional associations persisted in sensitivity analyses adjusting for isotretinoin, doxycycline, and minocycline exposure, but estimates were attenuated.
The observational study could not establish causality, and administrative diagnoses, missing lifestyle and microbiome data, and health care use may have affected estimates.
Objective: The article examines the objective, findings, and clinical context described in FDA tentatively approves generic lenacapavir. Approach: Regulatory st
The FDA tentatively approved Dr. Reddy’s generic lenacapavir injection for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg.
Tentative approval does not permit US marketing while applicable patent protections remain in effect, but may accelerate regulatory reviews in 120 participating low- and middle-income countries.
Under the partnership agreement, the injectable formulation is priced at $40 per person annually, and the required initial oral loading course costs up to $17.
In PURPOSE 1 and PURPOSE 2, twice-yearly lenacapavir reduced HIV incidence by 96% versus estimated background incidence and by 89% versus daily oral PrEP.
The efficacy findings concern Gilead’s original formulation, not a separate trial of the generic; lenacapavir labeling warns of resistance with undiagnosed HIV and requires testing before initiation a
Objective: The article examines the objective, findings, and clinical context described in Can Immunopeptidomics Redefine Cancer Immunotherapy Development?. App
Immunopeptidomics uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to profile antigenic peptides displayed by major histocompatibility complex molecules.
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, immunopeptidomics can help identify tumor-specific and T-cell targets, including spliced, modified, and cryptic peptides.
Immunopeptidomics workflows combine immunoaffinity purification, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics to characterize diverse HLA-bound peptides.
Data-dependent acquisition provides high-confidence fragmentation spectra, whereas data-independent acquisition supports broad coverage and reproducibility across replicates.
Electron-activated dissociation can resolve peptide isomers and labile modifications, while targeted methods such as multiple reaction monitoring can validate and quantify selected antigens.