The article discusses the management of treatment-related myeloid cytopenias, including bone marrow physiology, normal hematopoiesis, risk factors for myelotoxicity, and strategies for minimizing serious adverse events. It emphasizes the importance of proactive management to improve treatment tolerance and outcomes, particularly in patients receiving antineoplastic therapy or radiotherapy involving bone marrow-producing regions. The advanced practitioner plays a significant role in proactive management and adherence to established guidelines, enhancing the understanding of the risks and benefits of supportive care measures.
1. Myelotoxicity is a common treatment-related adverse event for patients receiving systemic antineoplastic therapy or radiotherapy to bone marrow–producing regions.2. Lymphopenia presents unique challenges and may place the patient at increased risk for opportunistic and often life-threatening infections.3. Proactive management of cytopenias can improve treatment tolerance and treatment outcomes.4. The advanced practitioner in oncology has a significant role in the management of treatment-related cytopenias, including administration of myeloid growth factors, transfusion of blood products, and management of acute events such as neutropenic fever.5. Risk factors for myelotoxicity can be disease-related, host-related, or treatment-related. Disease-related factors can be further divided into solid tumors vs. hematologic malignancies.
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